We investigate how formal institutional distance (FID) moderates the cultural distance (CD) and financial performance relationships of foreign subsidiaries of firms. Following recent research, we estimate the asymmetric effects of CD by considering its size and direction towards host countries...

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) have long been used as an important strategy for firms' international strategic expansion. Thus, CBMAs have become an increasingly important approach utilized by a large number of firms in multiple regions across the globe. It has gained in...

This study aims to investigate the outward foreign direct investment (FDI) location choices of leading Turkish business groups (TBGs) regarding internationalization motives, dynamic capabilities (DC), and institutional context. The scope of the study consists of eleven multinational TBGs with...