persistence of the accrual component of earnings. Another stream of the literature argues that since accruals capture growth, the … and development (R&D) represents an investment expenditure that reduces earnings but is not subject to accrual accounting …

We examine the role of firms’ life cycle stages on accrual quality. We expand evidence from prior studies that … investigate the properties of firm life cycle and accrual quality in an integrated approach. We find that growth and mature firms … results. The evidence provides a broad view of how firm life cycle and accrual quality are intrinsically linked. Our results …

and significant impact on discretionary accruals. Results reveal that in Pakistan, creditors of firms are interested in …