Knowledge is central to managing an organization, but its presence in employees is difficult to measure directly. We hypothesize that external communication patterns reveal the location of knowledge within the management team. Using a large database of firm conference call transcripts, we find...

Recent research shows that weather events impact firms' operational and financial performance, raising the question of whether investors can diversify weather risk. We show that firms' exposure to weather is a systematic non-diversifiable risk, and that this risk is economically significant. We...

Knowledge is central to managing an organization, but its presence in employees is difficult to measure directly. We hypothesize that external communication patterns reveal the location of knowledge within the management team. Using a large database of firm conference call transcripts, we find...