The distinct characteristic in James Buchanan’s thinking about federalism in contrast to the traditional theory of … fiscal federalism is his view about fiscal competition. In this paper, it is demonstrated that this thinking went through … federalism literature and concerned with equity and efficiency issues. In the Leviathan approach starting from the midseventies …

level in Poland. The first reform introduced two electoral rules, which change along an exogenous population threshold …: smaller municipalities use majoritarian elections, larger municipalities use proportional elections. The second reform changed …