-through to consumer prices and during lockdown. Advocates emphasize positive effects on durable goods and stress that a VAT … distinguish between sectors directly and indirectly affected by the lockdown. We trace lockdown and fiscal shocks and analyze the … impact of the VAT reduction in conjunction with the lockdowns in 2020-2021 in Germany. We use nonlinear solution techniques …

infections, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … for emerging markets. Our results indicate that domestic infections had an initial negative impact on flows. Cumulatively … lockdown and fiscal measures supported portfolio flows, driven by an increased supply of funds. Bonds, not equities, were the …

cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however …

cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however …

on economic life to contain the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. In the first half of 2020, the world has seen explosive … Impact of COVID-19 …