infections, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … lockdown and fiscal measures supported portfolio flows, driven by an increased supply of funds. Bonds, not equities, were the …

of 2020 as most controversial part of the COVID-19 stimulus package. Critics argue that VAT reductions are ineffective … because of limited pass-through of temporary measures to consumer prices and in presence of lockdown measures. Advocates … between sectors directly and indirectly affected by the lockdown. This allows us to trace economic spillovers of lockdown …

cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however …

cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio … financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however …