Global competition has imposed pressures on governments to reform state-owned airlines (SOAs) in developing countries. Building on the extant literature and drawing on both institutional and resource-based perspectives, this paper develops an integrated conceptual framework and propositions,...

In this paper, we advance a novel concept of liability of origin to explicate the mechanisms through which location can be become either a liability or an advantage. Our analysis sheds light on how firms’ ability to compete and gain legitimacy can be derailed or enhanced by their geographical...