This study explores the alignment between vertical coordination (VC) and horizontal coordination (HC) in Indonesian vegetable value chains. This alignment helps buyers to design efficient coordination mechanisms with regard to the production of safe and high-quality vegetables. We use a...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) facilitates modernization of domestic agri-food systems in emerging economies through increased use of vertical coordination. This paper sheds lights on how international brewer investments in African food systems affect smallholder market participation and value...

Increases in food demand, product differentiation, and agribusiness growth provide new market opportunities for smallholders in Africa. Yet, smallholders face challenges of meeting quality, volume, and timing requirements to capture these opportunities. Cooperatives have been identified as a...