The import intensive food processing sector in Malaysia is highly regulated with non-tariff measures (NTMs), namely quality-based measures such as technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. Despite the prominence of import-related NTMs in this sector, the...

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) affect the labour market indirectly through trade. However, much ambiguity surrounds the labour market effects of NTMs, as conditions of the labour market are somewhat contextual. With a specific focus on the highly regulated food processing sector in Malaysia, this...

The import intensive food processing sector in Malaysia is highly regulated with non-tariff measures (NTMs) from the import side. However, the ad-valorem equivalents (AVEs) of those NTMs vary substantially across the sub-sectors of food processing. To assess the trade costs or plausible...