We find PASPA's partial and non-uniform ban on state-sponsored sports wagering to run afoul of the equal sovereignty doctrine's general constraints as set forth in Shelby County and Northwest Austin. PASPA also fails equal sovereignty scrutiny for two other narrower reasons. First, for a law...

We analyze how the Bosman ruling affected the market for star players and talent development in the European football market. We develop a model with sports competition and endogenous ownership of star players in which we show how the stiffer bidding competition over star players after the...

Eine hohe Popularität und ein hoher Markenwert sind wichtig für das reguläre Gehalt eines Fußballers sowie für seine Werbe- und Sponsorenverträge. Doch wie kann ein Fußballspieler seine Popularität und seinen Markenwert steigern? Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es zu untersuchen, ob gute...

The collective sale of football broadcasting rights constitutes a cartel, which, in the European Union, is only allowed if it complies with a number of conditions and obligations, inter alia, partial unbundling and the no-single-buyer rule. These regulations were defined with traditional...

This study explores the potential to use FIFA and men's World Cup football to advance LGBT rights. Transnational sporting organizations such as the IOC and FIFA operate largely behind closed doors. In secret agreements, the organizations leverage world audience to bend national governments to...

We study whether there is a racial bias in ratings of professional football players in Italian newspapers. We find that there is such a bias. Conditional on objective performance indicators black players receive a lower rating than non-black players. This is not a difference across the board but...

Does the FIFA World Cup boost the economy? Can a host country capitalise on a ‘high life’? The following paper develops, besides a valid econometric analysis, the factor ϕ for World Cup-specific effects on GDP per capita growth.This econometric approach uses multiple regression models....

We analyse the competitive effects of the centralised sale of football media rights in Europe, focusing on the “Big Five” countries (England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain). Contrary to the recent findings of European competition authorities, we consider that there are arguments in favour of...

The collective sale of football broadcasting rights constitutes a cartel, which, in the European Union, is only allowed if it complies with a number of conditions and obligations, inter alia, partial unbundling and the no-single-buyer rule. These regulations were defined with traditional...

Practices and conducts in professional and even amateur sports can be subject to competition laws as soon as commercial activities are involved. From an economic perspective, this implies that both directly commercial activities like the sale of broadcasting/media rights and indirectly...