The out-of-sample R2 is designed to measure forecasting performance without look-ahead bias. However, researchers can hack this performance metric even without multiple tests by constructing a prediction model using the intuition derived from empirical properties that appear only in the test...

New models to forecast the real price of oil on the basis of macroeconomic indicators and Google search data are proposed. A large-scale out-of-sample forecasting analysis comparing the different models is performed. It is found that models including both Google data and macroeconomic aggregates...

This paper evaluates the real-time forecast performance of alternative Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models for the Australian macroeconomy. To this end, we construct an updated vintage database and estimate a set of model specifications with different covariance structures. The results...

This paper investigates bond risk premia in the framework of predictive systems. Different from the traditional linear predictive models, predictive systems allow predictors to be imperfectly correlated with conditional expected returns, and could incorporate prior beliefs on the negative...

The empirical literature of stock market predictability mainly suffers from model uncertainty and parameter instability. To meet this challenge, we propose a novel approach that combines the documented merits of diffusion indices, regime-switching models, and forecast combination to predict the...

We examine the potential of ChatGPT, and other large language models, in predicting stock market returns using sentiment analysis of news headlines. We use ChatGPT to indicate whether a given headline is good, bad, or irrelevant news for firms' stock prices. We then compute a numerical score and...

We survey the literature on stock return forecasting, highlighting the challenges faced by forecasters as well as strategies for improving return forecasts. We focus on U.S. equity premium forecastability and illustrate key issues via an empirical application based on updated data. Some studies...

The empirical literature of stock market predictability mainly suffers from model uncertainty and parameter instability. To meet this challenge, we propose a novel approach that combines the documented merits of diffusion indices, regime-switching models, and forecast combination to predict the...

This paper reviews research that uses big data and/or machine learning methods to provide insight relevant for equity valuation. Given the huge volume of research in this area, the review focuses on studies that either use or inform on accounting variables. The article concludes by providing...

We use boosted decision trees to generate daily out-of-sample forecasts of excess returns for Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two best-known and largest cryptocurrencies. The decision trees incorporate information from 39 predictors, including variables relating to cryptocurrency fundamentals,...