A tariff rate is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport, the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweight average of effectively...

This study examines the relevant factors that determine the FTTH tariffs within the European Union (EU) zone. FTTH networks, as a relevant new technology, have a significant impact on modern economies. This is reflected by their adoption and use across EU countries along with the increasing...

Generally, trade policies exclude provision for predictability and accountability as transparency measures and facilitates trade consensus that enhance market access, reduce trading costs, and promote cooperation. In analyzing the trajectories on transparency, free trade agreement (FTA), and...