This paper validates donation-based measures of ideology against a rich battery of policy items from the Congressional Campaign Election Study (CCES). Donation-based measures are powerful predictors of policy preferences for a wide range of issues and successfully discriminate between donors...

We examine whether inflation expectations obtained by open- and closed-ended questions lead to different inflation expectations through a randomized controlled trial. We find that different questionnaires measure significantly different inflation expectations, especially in the short term. We...