Iran has become one of the most CO2 emitting countries during the last decades. The country ranks after Japan and Germany in terms of CO2 emissions. However, from an economic viewpoint, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Iran is lower than the summation of Berlin and Tokyo GDP. Moreover, a...

This study firstly analyzes the impact of energy intensities and income on CO2 emissions in Russia, applying different estimation methods to the data period from 1990 to 2020. In addition, the study forecasts CO2 emissions considering 2030 targets under different assumptions and assesses the...

This paper examines the relationship between spot and futures prices for energy commodities (crude oil, gasoline, heating oil markets and natural gas). In particular, we examine whether futures prices are (1) an unbiased and/or (2) accurate predictor of subsequent spot prices. We find that while...