Machine learning tools are well known for their success in prediction. But prediction is not causation, and causal discovery is at the core of most questions concerning economic policy. Recently, however, the literature has focused more on issues of causality. This paper gently introduces some...

I propose a method for estimating treatment effect heterogeneity in event studies with staggered adoption. This method serves as an alternative to two-way fixed effects regressions, which have been shown to be near-term biased in these settings. I build on insights from the machine learning (ML)...

We propose a general protocol for calibration and validation of complex simulation models by an approach based on discovery and comparison of causal structures. The key idea is that configurations of parameters of a given theoretical model are selected by minimizing a distance index between two...