Over the years, the substantive content of international investment agreements (IIAs) has shifted to reflect political change and to respond to lessons learnt in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). With a focus on eight IIAs, selected with a view to geographical representativeness, this...

This paper examines the extent to which the international trade regime impacts the international investment regime. While commentators have identified rich areas of cross-fertilization and suggested increasing convergence between the two regimes, the evidence reveals only a limited and selected...

This article suggests that Israeli purchase tax – a major component of commercially imported cars' taxation – involves elements that may be considered incompatible with Israel's commitments in international trade agreements, including its association agreement with the EU, and thus its...

In the past decade, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has adjudicated over forty disputes involving China and other powerful economies. These cases are often trumpeted as a sign of the enduring strength of the trade regime and the efficacy of international law in managing geopolitical tensions...

This article is an introduction to the Fordham International Law Journal, Volume 29, Number 2. The journal issue addresses the challenge of trade and developing countries. The most powerful countries have sound financial, political, environmental, and social reasons to promote sustainable...

This article will consider whether American trade law toward the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Kingdom) is "constructive." This author rejects the proposition that American trade law toward the Kingdom has no merits. However, the thesis offered is that this law, on balance, may not be constructive....

Before the inception of WTO, India generally did not pursue any regional economic agreement route to promote trade or to achieve any other goal. However, in the Post Cancun Ministerial period, it has progressively entered into a number of preferential trade arrangements with several Asian as...

In this paper we examine the empirical relevance of three prominent endogenous protection models. Is protection for sale, or do altruistic policy makers worry about political support? We find strong evidence that protection is indeed for sale. The important new result is, however, that not only...

This paper shows how a world price shock can increase the likelihood that democratization must be used to resolve the threat of revolution. Initially, a ruling elite may be able to use trade policy to maintain political stability. But a world price shock can push the country into a situation...

This paper develops a new model of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization. The paper makes two contributions. One is to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between political institutions and economic efficiency by studying the endogenous interaction between the form...