The book presents an overview of the general aspects of trade uncertainty, a central element in the analysis of economic diplomacy, illustrating that some instruments, such as sanctions (both positive and negative), increase trade uncertainty, whilst others--multilateral trade policy, for...

The issues related to the effects that arose as a result of economic sanctions against Russia due to the start and large-scale deployment of Russia’s war against Ukraine are analyzed in the paper. It is obvious that the scale of these economic sanctions actualizes the issue of studying their...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine and resulting sanctions have substantially hurt Russia's economic relations with developed economies. Countries imposing sanctions on Russia accounted for half of Russia's foreign trade and over half of foreign financial flows before the war. We analyse the...