This paper empirically examines the heterogeneity in the effects of multiple dimensions of distance on trade across … dimensions of distance in the gravity equation. The paper contributes to the literature by offering a new classification of … products into homogeneous groups. We find that distance decay functions in a gravity model of international trade at a …

online cross-border trade flows. The model confirms the strong reduction in geographical distance-related trade costs …

estimates of the border effect for continental Europe using road rather than great circle – or “as-crows-fly” – distance. Road … information on travel time, we are able to consider costs related to time in addition to those depending on distance. We find that … for the same great circle distance and the same city size, the road distance between two cities located in the same …

German neighboring countries, we find that distance significantly matters for the workplace location in Germany. The striking … exception is Poland. For non-neighboring countries, distance only matters for countries which are geographically close to … Germany. Distance has also a negative effect on the net-migrations flows of foreign workers from geographically close …