. Also, integrating the mediating and moderating roles of industrialization and trade openness is yet to receive significant … novel insight into FDI and carbon emissions. Taking into account the mediating and moderating roles of industrialization and … industrialization to reduce carbon emissions in SSA. Lastly, the moderating findings demonstrate the need for effective policies on …

openness, foreign direct investment, oil prices, the legal system and industrialization. Design/methodology/approach To verify … growth (GDP), industrial development (industrialization), foreign direct investment and trade openness have been obtained …