multinationals. Multinational firms are more exposed to risk: following a negative shock, they are reluctant to exit the foreign …

expected retirement incomes, with smaller risk of catastrophic investment shortfalls, if they invested part of their retirement … strategies would also have reduced the risk of catastrophically poor investment performance. In all countries, retirement savers … risk of very small pensions than savers who restrict their investments to the domestic stock and bond funds …

This study aims at assessing the risk-return profile of stock portfolios by different levels of the foreign ownership … risk for stocks. In addition, our empirical analyses indicate that the portfolios with the foreign ownership ratio falling …