International investment arbitral tribunals have been facing the need of drawing the line between legitimate regulatory measures that do not constitute expropriation and measures that are tantamount to expropriation. While some tribunals have decided to focus solely on the effect of the given...

This paper inquires whether the ITA tribunals, while judging whether a host State's regulatory measures amount to indirect expropriation or not, have been able to develop and apply the police power doctrine in a uniform manner? This inquiry is important to understand whether this doctrine could...

The author makes an analysis and presentation of the doctrine of police powers of the administration and the doctrine of the public intervention in the economic order that are base for the development of new regulation that, due to its effects, could be quoted as expropriatory of foreign...

Cybercrime across the Taiwan Strait has become a global issue. Due to the large number of internet users and the special political situation across the Taiwan Strait, the Republic of China (Taiwan hereafter) and the People’s Republic of China (China hereafter) are two countries where malicious...