development increases energy usage's role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth, trade … requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH), which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct …

of tourist arrivals, the trade openness ratio, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon dioxide (CO2 … causalities running from: (i) renewable energy to CO2 emissions and trade; (ii) tourism to trade and FDI; and (iii) economic … energy, tourism, FDI, trade, and emissions. Thus, renewable energy and tourism are in a strong long-run causal relationship …

trade and FDI are found to have significant impact on the upsurge of labour productivity growth in BRICS, where the …

The pre-eminence of trade and investment in the economic prosperity of developed and developing countries cannot be … overemphasized. Many studies have shown a strong positive impact of trade on economic growth across developed and the emerging market …. However, very little is known about the simultaneous effect of trade and investment on growth in SSA when institutional …