Corporate nationality in investment arbitration was and still is an area of much debate. The number of bilateral investment agreements (BIT's) have grown significantly over the past 20 years, including also other international agreements, such as North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or...

In some countries an IP owner’s attempts to defend or enforce its IP rights in a conventional way may face difficulties, particularly if the country’s judiciary is not able to effectively render justice since it lacks the necessary resources, if the courts are subject to interventions by the...

Contractual joint ventures, sometimes also called as "consortiums", where several participants, without creating a new entity, unite their personal efforts and material resources with a view of achieving a certain common goal, remain a popular organizational form of large-scale international...

States can defend themselves in cases alleging that they have violated investment treaty obligations on the grounds that situations of economic crisis required that they take emergency action. Likely defenses are the customary international law doctrines of necessity and force majeure, although...

The start of Lithuania’s transition to free market economy meant that Lithuania had become a member of international commercial market and, as a developing country, had to attract foreign investment fast. This circumstance facilitated the conclusion of a vast number of BITs between Lithuania...

The Supreme Court of India had previously given a broad interpretation to the ground of public policy and thereby permitted a review of the foreign arbitral award on merits in award enforcement proceedings. The Supreme Court has recently abandoned this position. Consistent with international...

Governments are facing an increasing number of arbitration claims by foreign investors relating to important public policies or seeking substantial damages, and many governments are taking a greater joint interest in how such cases are resolved in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). This...

Compensation for adjudicators is generally considered as a core issue for judicial independence and for attracting good judges in the institutional design for courts. This paper examines compensation systems for adjudicators and dispute settlement administrators in investor-state dispute...

For a long time, international investment law has emerged as a rather distinct and specific element of international economic law and general international law. The most significant developments in investment law can be considered the negotiations on CETA, TPP, and TTIP, as they imply a...

The object of this article is to examine different options in investment treaty making for addressing and preventing potential conflicts of norms that involve investment and cultural heritage rights. For this purpose, it will be taken into account the rationale of intergenerational justice and...