How can Europe remain true to its values in the face of outside economic forces? In today's multipolar world economy, the EU's founding values are not necessarily shared or enforced by many of its important global trading partners. Other economic systems, such as ‘State capitalism',...

This paper provides risk/reward evaluation and legal analysis of foreign investing under Cuban Law No. 118 (2014). Section I addresses dynamic changes in Cuba since 2008. Section II examines reforms of Cuban foreign investment laws. Section III explores investment options such as import/export,...

The proliferation of international investment treaty practice and the subsequent boom of investor-state arbitration have prompted an explosion of scholarly contributions analysing various aspects of this steadily expanding field of international law. Existing scholarship offers a rich seam of...

Many countries in the East Asian and Pacific (EAP) region have strengthened their networks of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and other international investment agreements (IIAs). This growth in investment protection instruments not only illustrates the region's continued attractiveness to...

This article analyses constitutional changes and policy consequences concerning the transfer to the supranational level of an external competence in the field of investment resulting from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It states that EU Member States lose their...

Significant numbers of multinational corporations ("MNCs") from the European Union ("EU") operate in the African, Caribbean and Pacific ("ACP") countries. The ACP countries are attractive operational bases because of the enormous availability of raw materials, low cost of labour, and favourable...

India has a long history of economic linkages with the EU member states. In recent period, the volumes of Indo-EU trade both in case of merchandise products and services have considerably increased and a number of investment collaboration opportunities are emerging. Since 2007 the two sides are...

There has been considerable debate about the idea of an appellate mechanism for international investment arbitration. A number of reasons have been posited for establishing such a mechanism, including ensuring the consistency and accuracy of awards as well as the legitimacy of the system as a...

The link between intellectual property protection and access to medicines has been studied from different perspectives. After signing the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, most developing and least developed countries agreed to protect pharmaceutical...