This articles examines 2 meanings of the term “rule of law;” the first being absence of lawlessness, and the second being the full range of laws, enforcement, that is described in the World Justice Project. Using those concepts, the article then looks at whether the rule of law, based upon...

Significant numbers of multinational corporations ("MNCs") from the European Union ("EU") operate in the African, Caribbean and Pacific ("ACP") countries. The ACP countries are attractive operational bases because of the enormous availability of raw materials, low cost of labour, and favourable...

It is accepted that a breach of an international investment agreement does not necessarily constitute a breach or violation of an investment treaty or international law norm applicable between an international investor and a host state. It is common that the adjudication of breaches of these...

Arbitration has been the most sought after option not merely in domesticarbitration, but also that of international arbitration. Moreover, with theboom of international trade, more disputes have arisen, with most partiesopting for arbitration for dispute resolution. There is a growing reference...

Based on a comprehensive treaty survey, the article presents the general approaches to sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Chinese International Investment Agreements (IIAs). With the global trend towards investor responsibilisation, a new generation of investment policies places inclusive...