Protecting biodiversity will require the phase-out of harmful production at a large scale. However, some of these … bilateral investment treaties they are parties to, that pose the most severe threat to biodiversity protection. It assumes that … foreign investment positions, and (iii) in countries with vulnerable biodiversity. To operationalize these notions, the paper …

Halting the ongoing global loss of biodiversity will require extensive phase-out of harmful production. A significant … income losses. To examine the impact of investment treaties on biodiversity protection, this paper studies a setting with … is harmful to biodiversity, and how this in turn reduces the host country's willingness to phase out the stranded …

's accession to the World Trade Organization) (WTO) in 2001. We also show that there is a positive upstream spillover effect of FDI …