Shell’s landmark ruling ordered to reduce the CO 2 emissions to the Shell group by a net 45% by 2030, compared to 2019 … enterprises and find that it would result in a 2.85 GtCO 2 reduction in global emissions. This amount implies around 27% and 40 …% reduction in the emissions gap to fulfil the total 2030 estimated emissions not to exceed 2 o C. We focus on MNEs in the …

Shell’s landmark ruling ordered to reduce the CO 2 emissions to the Shell group by a net 45% by 2030, compared to 2019 … a 2.85 GtCO 2 reduction in global emissions. This amount implies around 27% and 40% reduction in the emissions’ gap … between the total 2030 estimated emissions not to exceed 2 degrees centigrade and 2019 emissions. While 91% of multinational …

empirical results, reveal that emissions related to FDI account for 15.2 percent of the world’s total emissions and 58.1 percent … of the world’s GVCs emissions, 39.2 percent of which are emissions related to FDI for foreign demands in 2015. From 2000 … consumption-based CO2 emissions measures. This enables us to consistently trace emissions in GVCs through trade- and foreign …