This paper aims to examine the changes in global value chains (GVCs) in the years 2020-2022 (times of the COVID-19 pandemic) compared to 2019 (last year before the pandemic). GVCs are illustrated by diagrams based on the statistics on international trade measured by value-added exports and...

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in...