In the knowledge-driven economy, individuals and organizations need to look beyond their own boundaries to complement … existing resources. Especially in research-intensive fields, effective and efficient knowledge sharing with collaboration … enhancing or inhibiting knowledge sharing in research collaborations. He uses these factors to derive practical implications for …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …