The main objective of the present paper is to estimate the extent to which firm investment is substituted (crowded-out) by investment support policies granted under the EU Rural Development Programme (RDP). In the empirical analyses we employ the difference-in-difference propensity score...

This study tests for financial constraints on Ramp;D investment and how they differ from capital investment. To identify constraints in the access to external capital, we employ a credit rating index. Our models show that internal constraints, measured by mark-ups, are more decisive for Ramp;D...

Just as it may be optimal to regulate firms that produce negative externalities, it may be optimal to provide subsidy to firms that produce positive externalities. This paper studies the optimal provision of subsidy to maximize the value of these externalities, and also whether there are policy...