This paper empirically examines the determinants of heterogeneous cooperative R&D commercialization strategies of innovating biotechnology start-ups. While the volume of inter-firm collaboration, spanning modes such as strategic alliances and technology licensing, has increased dramatically in...

Research summary. The network resources a firm can access through its strategic alliances are critical precursors to innovation: they provide the information and know-how needed to generate new knowledge. Yet prior literature has not directly considered the congestion of network resources...

We examine how industry-university collaboration (IUC) enhances the commercialization of corporate innovation using a comprehensive dataset of 93,303 industrial firms and 153 notable research universities in China. Measuring IUC with the occurrence and frequency of patents co-assigned to both...