The aim of the paper is to evaluate the role of universities in the innovation process. Against the background of … input side can be summarized as follows: High assessments to university-based resources and joint R&D with universities … universities are used as complements in the German manufacturing industry. In-house capacities can be expanded with positive …

the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over … effectiveness of IPR as a vehicle of technology transfer from universities. We also discuss the limited evidence on Bayh-Dole type …

This paper investigates the technological orientation of firms and universities and their propensity to have knowledge … firms (patent statistics) and the technology activities of universities. Furthermore we used survey data on technology … fosters transfer activities with different universities (case 1). The same is true, if proximity is low and expertise is …