" innovation system. More than two-thirds of innovation-system synergy is generated at the lower levels of districts (NUTS3) and … an evidence base for innovation-policy strategies. We aim to answer the question which level of government (local …, regional, national) might be most effective for strategic innovation policy-making based on smart specialization in Germany …

decade, we have further developed a Triple Helix indicator of synergy as reduction of uncertainty in niches that can be …. Too much synergy locally can also be considered as lock-in. Tendencies are different for the globalizing knowledge …

The concept of triple helix (TH) cooperation was introduced about two decades ago, as a method of enhancing innovation … networks. The purpose of this paper is to test the public role in TH efforts in Norway. This paper therefore poses the … following question: What is the public sector's role in network development and cooperation in Norway when the initiative is …