This chapter provides an overview of the most successful ADR model in the EU for resolving consumer disputes: the ombudsman model. After introducing the differences and similarities of both public sector and private sector ombudsman schemes, a comparison of existing consumer ombudsman models in...

Energy scenarios should ideally account for societal feasibility and hence they could be informed by surveys on citizens’ preferences. This study surveyed consensus among citizens of France (N = 202), Germany (N = 199), and Poland (N = 200) on their national and EU electricity supply for 2035,...

The International Energy Agency estimates that $24.5 trillion of energy efficiency (EE) investments will be needed through 2040. Debt- and self-financed projects are expected to contribute only a third of this capital due to multiple barriers. On the one hand, self-financed projects require...