Nonlocal mortgage lenders with greater exposure to high-growth housing markets accept fewer loan applications in these markets and experience greater stock return volatility. When these lenders expand to high-growth markets, they also ration credit to a significantly greater degree than when...

In 2001, the AZF plant exploded in Toulouse (France). The accident was unexpected, it strongly damaged local housing and benefited from a wide media coverage. It provides a rare opportunity to analyze the consequences of a shift in risk perception on housing markets and neighborhoods subject to...