How effective is fact checking in countervailing "alternative facts,'' i.e., misleading statements by politicians? In a randomized online experiment during the 2017 French presidential election campaign, we subjected subgroups of 2480 French voters to alternative facts by the extreme-right...

How do radical reforms of the state shape economic development over time? In 1790, France’s first Constituent Assembly overhauled the kingdom’s organization to set up new administrative entities and local capitals. In a subset of departments, new capitals were chosen quasi-randomly as the...

How do radical reforms of the state shape economic development over time? In 1790, France’s firstConstituent Assembly overhauled the kingdom’s organization to set up new administrative entitiesand local capitals. In a subset of departments, new capitals were chosen quasi-randomly as the...