individual investors and to improve liquidity. The existence of standards or preferences from investors in terms of price level … these operations and we develop a simple model of stock price level optimization. On the one hand, this enhanced liquidity …

. Theory predicts this technological advantage should translate into market-wide liquidity co-variation, by transmitting … information-based liquidity shocks. Using a dataset of orders and trades from the French stock market, we investigate whether HFT … algorithms constitute a source of systematic liquidity risk. We demonstrate that, across securities, the liquidity offered by …

this switch to anonymity on market liquidity and the informational content of the limit order book. Our empirical analysis … information on future volatility is public, the informational content of the bid-ask spread and market liquidity are identical in … anonymity alters the informational content of the bid-ask spread and market liquidity. For our sample stocks, we find that the …

(resp. low). However the quality of this signal and market liquidity are different in each market design. We test these …

Using some recently developed Paris Bourse 19th century price indexes; we study the stock-bond monthly return …