This article provides a comparative analysis of fertility and family transformations and policy responses in Austria … quarter of century. During this period both societies also grew surprisingly similar in their fertility and family patterns … and main family policy trends. Fertility in both countries is relatively low, but not extremely low when compared with the …

. While there was no change in the overall fertility rate, marital fertility declined, and there was an increase in nonmarital … relative prospects of men may reduce their marriage-market value and affect marital and fertility behavior. …

contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider …. Using these instrumental variables to estimate the effect of this exogenous variation in fertility on family outcomes …, economists discover these cross effectsʺ of fertility on family welfare outcomes tend to be substantially smaller in absolute …

contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider …. Using these instrumental variables to estimate the effect of this exogenous variation in fertility on family outcomes …, economists discover these "cross effects" of fertility on family welfare outcomes tend to be substantially smaller in absolute …