progress and social norms have freed women from the home, increasing their participation in both the labor market and the crime … whether the policy prescriptions to reduce crime should differ for women. …In recent decades, women's participation in the labor market has increased considerably in most countries and is …

’ bearing scant relation to the ‘crime’ of choosing a violent man as a partner: this results in the woman being “thrice punished …-traumatic stress occasioned by violence in the relationship, in a context in which battered women face serious barriers to obtaining a … knowledge about male violence against women and gender bias in the law, and the relative unawareness of the reality of domestic …

and piecemeal way in which suffrage was eventually won by women in European countries. Furthermore, it identifies the main … factors accounting for women's earlier or later achievement of suffrage in different European nations and, exploring the … connection between women's access to voting rights and to civil and social rights, it retells a story of women's citizenship …

We investigate the effect of Islamist terrorist activity on women's economic, political and legal position in society … groups is associated with lower levels of women's empowerment and rights. Various instrumental-variable approaches yield the … same conclusion, suggesting that the adverse effect of Islamist terrorism on women' rights is causal. Further emphasizing …

provide new evidence on how women suffrage has affected government spending. Using data from the last country in Europe to … adopt suffrage, Switzerland, we demonstrate two main results. First, women suffrage has changed the scope of government much … more than its size. Women are more likely to support expenditures for public goods like environment and public transport …

Easteal describes the extra pressure women from a non English speaking background may face when they find themselves … imprisoned. These women experience difficulties with the prison culture which may cause shock and distress; language difficulties … to increase the isolation and stresses for NESB women incarcerated in Victorian prisons …