The concept of virtual water – the amount of water used during the entire production chain of goods – represents a new tool for policymakers in water-scarce countries to shape policies in ways that improve water use efficiency. The present study extends work on the virtual water concept by...

This paper reviews the most significant recent developments in the theory of trade agreements. The paper offers an integrated approach to evaluating trade agreements, and uses the approach to present results on preferential and multilateral trade agreements. The paper identifies also several...

The number of preferential trade agreements has greatly increased over the past two decades, yet most existing bilateral arrangements take the form of free trade areas, and less than ten percent can be considered to be fully °edged customs unions. This paper develops a political economy model...

In this paper, we tried to highlight all the kinds of temporal uncertainties that AGOA creates on the eligible countries. With a dynamic model in presence of technologic transfers and irreversibility of investments, we found that long run uncertainty has a negative impact not only on investment...

We study the welfare implications of a bilateral free trade agreement. The model is based on the recent trade literature that considers search and matching frictions in the labor market. We extend the model by incorporating country-level heterogeneity in terms of production technology,...

In a world economy interconnected by global value chains, where domestic productivity depends on the availability of imported inputs, the vast majority of workers stand to lose from protectionism. To exemplify this, we provide a quantitative assessment of the aggregate and distributional effects...

The purpose of this paper is to examine all the kinds of temporal uncertainties that AGOA creates on the eligible countries and the theoretical relationship between these temporal uncertainties and its efficiency. The paper attempts to answer the critical question: does temporal uncertainty of...

With the likely demise of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism as of December 11, 2019, the question arises as to whether regional trade agreement (RTA) dispute settlement mechanisms such as those in the recent US-Mexico-Canada Agreement can provide an acceptable alternative. The paper concludes...

In March 2018, representatives of member countries of the African Union signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement. This agreement provides a framework for trade liberalization in goods and services and is expected to eventually cover all African countries. Using a...

In February 2016, twelve Pacific Rim countries signed the agreement on the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP), one of the largest and most comprehensive trade deals in history. While there are several estimates of the likely effects of the TPP, there is no systematic study on the effects on all...