Altruism, giving and pro-social conduct, and reciprocity, are the basis of the existence and performance of societies … (which they sometimes also create); and in charity and specific organizations. Altruism has various origins: it can be … hedonistic or natural altruism in empathy, affection, sympathy, emotional contagion, pity, and compassion; or normative altruism …

. In the model agents receive heterogeneous utility from pure and impure altruism (Andreoni 1989) that permits warm glow to … vary between monetary donations and volunteering, thus allowing preferences for impure altruism to rationalize inefficient … allocation decisions. We define a measure of the price of impure altruism as the additional proportion of income sacrificed by a …

that highlights two predictions. First, larger gift amounts, holding education and income constant, is a proxy for altruism …). Second, those motivated by altruism will respond positively to appeals based on evidence, whereas those motivated by warm …