not yet entered the market. This specific situation has often been found recently in many emerging Asian cruise markets as … one of the world-class cruise lines initiates a new local cruise market. In spite of the discontinuity of the follower … property is also found that a new monopoly market could result from a duopoly competition by the modified Stackelberg game …

Competition is ubiquitous in economic life. Yet, negative consequences of competitive environments have been reported … subjectively perceived stress and the physiological changes induced by a well-established economic laboratory competition paradigm … active coping style were related to the self-selection into competition in the third round of the game. We speculate that …