This paper examines FRAND issues in India. From an institutional perspective, India's FRAND cases do not effectively establish the appropriate role for antitrust in FRAND. On the one hand, there is the potential for hold-up and anti-competitive conduct in the FRAND setting. Such situations would...

In the last several years, India has raised several novel and controversial concerns regarding standard-essential patents (SEPs). For example, in 2013 and 2014, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) issued investigation orders against Ericsson, alleging that the company violated its...

Since becoming fully operational in October of 2009, the CCI has brought two public investigations involving SEPs, both against Ericsson and both based upon allegations that the company violated its FRAND commitments by imposing discriminatory and “excessive” royalty rates and using NDAs....

Investigations and litigation involving standard-essential patents (SEPs) have been brought around the world. In the last several years, India has drawn attention to itself by raising several novel and controversial concerns regarding SEPs. For example, in 2013 and 2014, the Competition...

Standard setting organizations have for many years required members to commit to license patents essential to use of standards on Fair, Reasonable and Non-discriminatory terms. Unfortunately, SSOs have not defined what FRAND means, leaving its interpretation to courts and regulators. This paper...

There have been many books, essays and decisions by courts about the Essential-Facilities-Doctrine, especially since the famous decision of US Supreme Court on United States v. Terminal Railroad Ass's in 1912. In this paper I give an overview about the Essential-Facilities-Doctrine in the US, EC...