Trade policies such as tariffs are often featured by the prisoners' dilemma. One country's trade liberalization is vulnerable to the opportunism of another country. This problem is more serious in cases where a country behaving opportunistically can only be punished by the victims. In a trade...

This paper investigates the domestic government's antidumping duty choice in an asymmetric information framework where the foreign firm's cost is observed by the domestic firm, but not by the government. To induce truthful revelation, the government can design a tariff schedule, contingent on...

We study the stability of trade policy arrangements under two regulatory scenarios, with/without PTAs. Unlike previous papers, we consider an extensive set of trade policy constellations and allow for unlimited farsightedness of negotiating parties. We find global free trade (GFT) to be uniquely...

This paper derives Abreu's (1986) stick-and-carrot strategy optimal penal codes in a partial equilibrium model that has been widely used to examine trade liberalization. Unless the asymmetry between countries is significant, the optimal penal codes take simple form. It is also shown that the...

It is known that in a two-country, two-good world, the Nash equilibrium of a 'tariff war' of Harry Johnson (1953-4) tends to fail Pareto Optimality. With a demonstration by example, this note shows that it is possible that the attempt for trade liberalization through the removal of tariffs may...

The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of research and development (R&D) spillovers on cartelization of industries characterized by differentiated products. For simplicity, we focus on the duopoly market in which firms compete according to the Stackelberg leadership model....