is affected by the symmetric and asymmetric properties of the demand distribution. Finally, based on the Pareto …

, stochastic demand, and the explicit consideration of inventories. With appropriate salvage value functions, a Markov equilibrium …

To mitigate the bullwhip effect in a supply chain, Lee et al. (1997) advocated the idea of sharing demand and order … chain because of the underlying demand characteristics and replenishment lead times. In addition to this core bullwhip … effect, we show how various operational deviations (inaccurate order placements, batching, lag in sharing demand forecast …