Although the oil and gas industry has boosted Iran's economic development, it has adversely affected the ecosystems of certain regions. The government has failed to establish appropriate environmental regulations to prevent industry from engaging in environmentally damaging projects. Indigenous...

The extraction of hydrocarbons is an inherently hazardous activity with potential grave risks to the general environment. Environmental woes occur during all the stages of oil and gas cycle but more notable during the upstream stage of operations. The upstream stage involves exploration,...

Almost one quarter of all U.S. carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from fossil fuels extracted from public lands, and these resources are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). This article argues that the BLM has a statutory duty to respond to climate change, which includes the duty to...