According to the Monetary Gold principle, the the International Court of Justice (ICJ) will not exercise its jurisdiction where the legal interests of a third state ‘would form the very subject-matter of the decision'. This principle has been interpreted narrowly by the ICJ and therefore only...

Counterfeit money is the topic of television, movies, and lore but hardly seen by most of us - for only about one in ten thousand notes is found to be counterfeit, annually, in the USA (Judson and Porter 2003). And while the value of globally seized and passed counterfeit American dollars has...

This essay theoretically predicts how a novel currency proposed to enhance the creation and implementation of intellectual properties would act as monetary measures. To this end, the earlier part briefly reviews the proposal, followed by introducing concepts of a canonical ensemble of the...

Unanticipated consequences -- Bounded rationality and the spread of investment treaties -- A difficult beginning -- Promoting investment treaties -- A less then rational competition -- Narcissistic learning -- Letting down the guard : a case study -- Expanding the bounds of rationality in the...

To ensure free access to a patented innovation while protecting the patentee’s profit, I would like to propose new legislation of patents, in which the International Central Bank would supply the Intellectual Property Currency. The Currency would enhance innovations based on the concept of...