We find that the Friedman rule is not optimal with real government transfers and distortionary taxation. As transfers cannot be taxed, a positive nominal net interest rate is the indirect way to tax the additional income derived from transfers. This result holds for heterogeneous agents,...

We study the impact of monetary policy on income and wealth distributions ina small open economy. To do so, we use household-level registry and surveydata from Finland, a small member of a monetary union. This setup allows usto circumvent endogeneity issues and thus helps achieve causal...