The financial and economic crisis brings to a reconsideration of macroeconomics: as it happened in the past, after the Great Crash of 1929 as well as after the Second World War and after the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 and the subsequent oil crisis. A brief critical survey of...

In this article we underline the effects of the crisis that erupted in the U.S. in 2008, due to financial hazard, and then spread everywhere, to assess how the euro zone (EMU) and its countries have acted. We will consider two periods that the EMU has passed through, each characterized by a...