This paper analyses the European Central Bank's (ECB) advisory role related to proposed Community and national legislation falling within ECB's fields of competence, with a particular focus on the consultation procedure. The consultation procedure involves parties that are under an obligation to...

The EC Treaty obliges Community and (both functionally and geographically decentralized) national authorities to consult the ECB before adopting any legislation in its fields of competence. Failure to consult the ECB can render any disputed rules void. This paper explores the relevant primary...

Virtual currencies are a contemporary form of private money. Thanks to their technological properties, their global transaction networks are relatively safe, transparent, and fast. This gives them good prospects for further development. However, they remain unlikely to challenge the dominant...